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billion in today's dollars) | footnotes = }} The AN/FSQ-7 Combat Direction Central (colloq. Q7) was a computerized command and control system for Cold War ground-controlled interception used in the USAF Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) air defense network.〔 The largest computer system ever built, each of the 24 installed machines〔 weighed 250 tons and had two computers.〔 The AN/FSQ-7 used a total of 60,000 vacuum tubes (49,000 in the computers)〔 and up to 3 megawatts of electricity, performing about 75,000 instructions per second for networking regional radars. The AN/FSQ-7 calculated one or more〔 predicted interception points〔 for assigning manned aircraft or CIM-10 Bomarc missiles to intercept an intruder using the Automatic Target and Battery Evaluation (ATABE) algorithm.〔 Also used in the Nike AN/FSG-1 system, ATABE automated the Whiz Wheel (Felsenthal CPU-73 A/P Air Navigation Attack Computer)〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Whiz Wheel )〕 method used in manual command post operations.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=sources )〕 The Q7 fire button launched the Bomarc, and an additional Q7 algorithm automatically directed the missile during climb and cruise to the beginning of its supersonic dive on the target when guidance transferred to the missile seeker system for the homing dive.〔 Later improvements allowed transmission of Q7 guidance to autopilots of manned fighters for vectoring to targets〔compiled by 〕 via the SAGE Ground to Air Data Link Subsystem (cf. bomber vectoring to a Bomb Release Point in 1965-73 Vietnam via vacuum-tube ''analog'' computers.) ==History== The first US radar network used voice reporting to the 1939 Twin Lights Station in New Jersey, and the post-WWII experimental Cape Cod System used a Whirlwind I computer at Cambridge to network long-range and several short-range radars. The key Whirlwind modification for radar netting was the development of magnetic core memory that vastly improved reliability, operating speed (×2), and input speed (×4) over the original Williams tube memory of the Whirlwind I. The AN/FSQ-7 (“AN/FSQ” derives from ''Army-Navy / Fixed Special eQuipment'') was based on the larger and faster Whirlwind II design, which was not completed〔 and was too much for MIT's resources (Lincoln Laboratory Division 6 still participated in AN/FSQ-7 development).〔 Similar to the Q7, the smaller AN/FSQ-8 Combat Control Central was produced without an (Automatic Initiation Area Discriminator ) and other equipment.〔 The experimental SAGE subsector, located in Lexington, Mass., was completed in 1955, equipped with a prototype AN/FSQ-7 known as XD-1〔 in Building F. The third evaluation run with the XD-1 was in August〔 and the prototype was complete in October 1955 except for displays.〔http://dome.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.3/40545/MC665_r15_M-3864.pdf?sequence=1〕 By 1959, the 2000th simulated BOMARC intercept had been completed by the Q7, while the Cape Canaveral BOMARC 624-XY1's intercept of a target drone in August 1958 used the Kingston, New York, Q7〔 1500 miles away.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=CBC Digital Archives )〕 DC-1 at McGuire AFB was the first operational site of the AN/FSQ-7〔 with consoles scheduled for delivery Aug-Oct 1956.〔 Groundbreaking at McChord Air Force Base was in 1957 where the "electronic brain" began arriving in November 1958. The SAGE/Missile Master test program conducted large-scale field testing of the ATABE mathematical model using radar tracks of actual Strategic Air Command and Air Defense Command aircraft conducting mock penetrations into defense sectors〔 (cites Miller 1961)〕 (cf. Operation Skyshield). The vacuum-tube SAGE network was completed (and obsolete) in 1963, and a system ergonomic test at Luke Air Force Base in 1964. According to Harold Sackman, it "showed conclusively that the wrong timing of human and technical operations was leading to frequent truncation of the flight path tracking system."〔 Backup Interceptor Control Systems (BUIC) were used to replace the AN/FSQ-7s: two remained at SAGE sites until 1983〔 including McChord AFB,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=SAGE A/N FSQ-7 )〕 and the Q7 at Luke AFB was demolished in February 1984.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=SAGE- Phoenix Air Defense Sector & 4629 Support Squadron )〕 The SABRE airline reservation system used AN/FSQ-7 technology.〔 Q7 components were used in numerous films TV series and TV series needing futuristic looking computers, despite the fact they were built in the 1950s. Q7 components were used in ''The Time Tunnel'', ''The Towering Inferno'', ''Logan's Run'', ''WarGames'' and ''Independence Day'' amongst many others. The Computer History Museum displays several AN/FSQ-7 components. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「AN/FSQ-7 Combat Direction Central」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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